湘教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)3.3 第1課時(shí) 軸對(duì)稱的坐標(biāo)表示 練習(xí)題含答案.doc
3.3 軸對(duì)稱和平移的坐標(biāo)表示第1課時(shí) 軸對(duì)稱的坐標(biāo)表示要點(diǎn)感知1 一般地,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)(a,b)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為__________,即橫坐標(biāo)__________,縱坐標(biāo)互為__________.預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)1-1 點(diǎn)A(1,-2)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是( )A.(1,-2) B.(-1,2) C.(-1,-2) D.(1,2)要點(diǎn)感知2 一般地,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)(a,b)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為__________,即橫坐標(biāo)互為__________,縱坐標(biāo)__________.預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)2-1 點(diǎn)P(1,-2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為__________.2-2 如圖,如果ABC與ABC關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,那么點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)為__________.知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱1.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,已知點(diǎn)A(2,3),則點(diǎn)A關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為( )A.(3,2) B.(2,-3) C.(-2,3) D.(-2,-3)2.已知點(diǎn)A(2,-3)與點(diǎn)B關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱,則點(diǎn)B在( )A.第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限3.已知點(diǎn)A(m-1,3)與點(diǎn)B(2,n+1)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱,則m=__________,n=__________.知識(shí)點(diǎn)2 關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱4.已知點(diǎn)P(-2,3)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為Q(a,b),則a+b的值是( )A.1 B.-1 C.5 D.-55.已知點(diǎn)P(3,-1)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)是(a+b,1-b),則ab的值為__________.知識(shí)點(diǎn)3 圖形上點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱問(wèn)題6.如圖,在方格紙上建立的平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,RtABC關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的圖形為RtDEF,則點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)D的坐標(biāo)是__________.第6題圖 第7題圖7.如圖,在直角坐標(biāo)平面內(nèi),線段AB垂直于y軸,垂足為B,且AB=2,如果將線段AB沿y軸翻折,點(diǎn)A落在點(diǎn)C處,那么點(diǎn)C的橫坐標(biāo)是__________.8.如圖,在直角坐標(biāo)系中,OBC的頂點(diǎn)O(0,0),B(-6,0),且OCB=90,OC=BC,則點(diǎn)C關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是( )A.(3,3) B.(-3,3) C.(-3,-3) D.(3,3)知識(shí)點(diǎn)4 對(duì)稱的作圖問(wèn)題9.如圖,已知平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,A(-1,3),B(2,0),C(-3,-1),在圖中作出ABC關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱圖形A1B1C1,并寫出點(diǎn)A1,B1,C1的坐標(biāo).10.如圖,ABC與DFE關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,已知A(-4,6),B(-6,2),E(2,1),則點(diǎn)D的坐標(biāo)為( )A.(-4,6) B.(4,6) C.(-2,1) D.(6,2)11.已知點(diǎn)P(a+1,2a-3)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)在第一象限,則a的取值范圍是( )A.a-1 B.-1a C.-a1 D.a12.若點(diǎn)A(m+2,3)與點(diǎn)B(-4,n+5)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,則m+n=__________.13.寫出如圖中“小魚”上所標(biāo)各點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)并回答:(1)點(diǎn)B,E的位置有什么特點(diǎn)?(2)從點(diǎn)B與點(diǎn)E,點(diǎn)C與點(diǎn)D的位置看,它們的坐標(biāo)有什么特點(diǎn)?14.在直角坐標(biāo)系中,已知點(diǎn)A(a+b,2-a)與點(diǎn)B(a-5,b-2a)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,(1)試確定點(diǎn)A、B的坐標(biāo);(2)如果點(diǎn)B關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)是C,求ABC的面積.15.如圖,已知ABC三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)分別為A(-2,-1),B(-3,-3),C(-1,-3).(1)畫出ABC關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的A1B1C1,并寫出點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo);(2)畫出A1B1C1關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的A2B2C2,并寫出點(diǎn)A2的坐標(biāo).16.如圖所示,COB是由AOB經(jīng)過(guò)某種變換后得到的圖形,觀察點(diǎn)A與點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系,解答下列問(wèn)題:(1)若點(diǎn)M的坐標(biāo)為(x,y),則它的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)N的坐標(biāo)為__________;(2)若點(diǎn)P(a,2)與點(diǎn)Q(-3,b)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱,求代數(shù)式:+的值.參考答案要點(diǎn)感知1 (a,-b) 不變 相反數(shù)預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)1-1 D要點(diǎn)感知2 (-a,b) 相反數(shù) 不變預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)2-1 (-1,-2)2-2 (-1,3)1.B 2.A 3.3-4 4.C 5.25 6.(2,1) 7.-2 8.A9.圖略,點(diǎn)A1,B1,C1的坐標(biāo)分別為:A1(1,3),B1(-2,0),C1(3,-1).10.B 11.B 12.013.A(-2,0),B(0,-2),C(2,-1),D(2,1),E(0,2).(1)點(diǎn)B和點(diǎn)E關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱;(2)點(diǎn)B與點(diǎn)E,點(diǎn)C與點(diǎn)D,它們的橫坐標(biāo)相同,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù).14.(1)點(diǎn)A(a+b,2-a)與點(diǎn)B(a-5,b-2a)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,解得點(diǎn)A,B的坐標(biāo)分別為:(4,1),(-4,1);(2)點(diǎn)B關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)是C,C點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(-4,-1).ABC的面積為:BCAB=28=8.15.(1)圖略,A1(-2,1);(2)圖略,A2(2,1).16.(1)(x,-y)(2)點(diǎn)P(a,2)與點(diǎn)Q(-3,b)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱,a=-3,b=-2,+=+=-+-+-