科粵版九年級下冊化學8.3《酸和堿的反應》課件含素材（江西部級優課）.pptx

請同學們仔細閱讀學案中的學習知識儲備,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一,酸和堿的中和反應,第一課時,課題2,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一視頻導入,熟石灰,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一實驗探究、確定思路,提出問題：,酸和堿之間會發生反應嗎?,實驗驗證：,稀鹽酸與氫氧化鈉溶液直接混合,觀察現象：,無明顯現象,得出結論：,無法證明反應發生,結論：證明反應發生的兩種思路分別是檢驗有生成物或檢驗無反應物。,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一確定探究方案,氫氧化鈉與鹽酸反應了嗎？,有生成物,無反應物,定思路,遇問題,反應了,沒反應,做猜想,無鹽酸,無氫氧化鈉,尋方法,變色法、氣體法、沉淀法、能量法 ,找方案,酸堿指示劑,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一學生實驗,設計方案、分組實驗,有生成物,無反應物,定思路,無鹽酸,無氫氧化鈉,尋方法,變色法、氣體法、沉淀法、能量法 ,找方案,酸堿指示劑,提示：氫氧化鈉溶液能使無色酚酞變紅；鹽酸不能使無色酚酞變色。,0:00,0:01,0:02,0:03,0:04,0:05,0:06,0:07,0:08,0:09,0:10,0:11,0:12,0:13,0:14,0:15,0:16,0:17,0:18,0:19,0:20,0:21,0:22,0:23,0:24,0:25,0:26,0:27,0:28,0:29,0:30,0:31,0:32,0:33,0:34,0:35,0:36,0:37,0:38,0:39,0:40,0:41,0:42,0:43,0:44,0:45,0:46,0:47,0:48,0:49,0:50,0:51,0:52,0:53,0:54,0:55,0:56,0:57,0:58,0:59,1:00,1:01,1:02,1:03,1:04,1:05,1:06,1:07,1:08,1:09,1:10,1:11,1:12,1:13,1:14,1:15,1:16,1:17,1:18,1:19,1:20,1:21,1:22,1:23,1:24,1:25,1:26,1:27,1:28,1:29,1:30,1:31,1:32,1:33,1:34,1:35,1:36,1:37,1:38,1:39,1:40,1:41,1:42,1:43,1:44,1:45,1:46,1:47,1:48,1:49,1:50,1:51,1:52,1:53,1:54,1:55,1:56,1:57,1:58,1:59,2:00,2:01,2:02,2:03,2:04,2:05,2:06,2:07,2:08,2:09,2:10,2:11,2:12,2:13,2:14,2:15,2:16,2:17,2:18,2:19,2:20,2:21,2:22,2:23,2:24,2:25,2:26,2:27,2:28,2:29,2:30,2:31,2:32,2:33,2:34,2:35,2:36,2:37,2:38,2:39,2:40,2:41,2:42,2:43,2:44,2:45,2:46,2:47,2:48,2:49,2:50,2:51,2:52,2:53,2:54,2:55,2:56,2:57,2:58,2:59,3:00,時間到,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一師生交流、討論總結,實驗討論與總結,讀書,求知,做人,混合前加無色酚酞,混合后加無色酚酞,若酚酞不變色,若酚酞變紅,說明無,氫氧化鈉,說明無,鹽酸,若鹽酸中加入酚酞，再逐滴加入氫氧化鈉溶液,酚酞先無色后變紅,說明無,鹽酸,若氫氧化鈉溶液中加入酚酞，再逐滴加入鹽酸,酚酞先變紅后無色,說明無,氫氧化鈉,鹽酸可能過量,NaOH一定過量,NaOH一定過量,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一介紹課本實驗,回歸課本、學而習之,實驗10-8在燒杯中加入約5mL稀氫氧化鈉溶液，滴入幾滴酚酞溶液。用滴管慢慢滴入稀鹽酸，并不斷攪拌溶液，至溶液顏色恰好變成無色為止。,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一學生練習、教師講解,回歸課本、學而習之,實驗10-8在燒杯中加入約5mL稀氫氧化鈉溶液，滴入幾滴酚酞溶液。用滴管慢慢滴入稀鹽酸，并不斷攪拌溶液，至溶液顏色恰好變成無色為止。,答案：【活動與探究】(1)沒用玻璃棒不斷攪拌,(2)不嚴密,紫色石蕊溶液或碳酸鈉粉末或鋅粒等,【反思與評價】(1) 采用攪拌或振蕩的方式使反應物充分反應；滴加藥品的先后順序；控制滴加藥品的速度等,(2)據顏色變化判斷反應是否發生及反應是否恰好完全,學案練習1,讀書,求知,做人,0:00,0:01,0:02,0:03,0:04,0:05,0:06,0:07,0:08,0:09,0:10,0:11,0:12,0:13,0:14,0:15,0:16,0:17,0:18,0:19,0:20,0:21,0:22,0:23,0:24,0:25,0:26,0:27,0:28,0:29,0:30,0:31,0:32,0:33,0:34,0:35,0:36,0:37,0:38,0:39,0:40,0:41,0:42,0:43,0:44,0:45,0:46,0:47,0:48,0:49,0:50,0:51,0:52,0:53,0:54,0:55,0:56,0:57,0:58,0:59,1:00,1:01,1:02,1:03,1:04,1:05,1:06,1:07,1:08,1:09,1:10,1:11,1:12,1:13,1:14,1:15,1:16,1:17,1:18,1:19,1:20,1:21,1:22,1:23,1:24,1:25,1:26,1:27,1:28,1:29,1:30,1:31,1:32,1:33,1:34,1:35,1:36,1:37,1:38,1:39,1:40,1:41,1:42,1:43,1:44,1:45,1:46,1:47,1:48,1:49,1:50,1:51,1:52,1:53,1:54,1:55,1:56,1:57,1:58,1:59,2:00,2:01,2:02,2:03,2:04,2:05,2:06,2:07,2:08,2:09,2:10,2:11,2:12,2:13,2:14,2:15,2:16,2:17,2:18,2:19,2:20,2:21,2:22,2:23,2:24,2:25,2:26,2:27,2:28,2:29,2:30,2:31,2:32,2:33,2:34,2:35,2:36,2:37,2:38,2:39,2:40,2:41,2:42,2:43,2:44,2:45,2:46,2:47,2:48,2:49,2:50,2:51,2:52,2:53,2:54,2:55,2:56,2:57,2:58,2:59,3:00,3:01,3:02,3:03,3:04,3:05,3:06,3:07,3:08,3:09,3:10,3:11,3:12,3:13,3:14,3:15,3:16,3:17,3:18,3:19,3:20,3:21,3:22,3:23,3:24,3:25,3:26,3:27,3:28,3:29,3:30,時間到,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一微觀再探,NaOH = Na+ + OH-,HCl = H+ + Cl-,HCl + NaOH = NaCl +H2O,問：從微觀角度分析，圖中不變的微粒是，消失的微粒是，生成的微粒是。,鹽酸與氫氧化鈉反應的實質：酸溶液中的H+和堿溶液中的OH-反應生成水分子的過程。即H+ + OH- = H2O,觀察：反應前后溶液中微粒發生了怎樣的變化?書P60,Na+及Cl-,H+及OH-,H2O,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一練習鞏固、歸納概念,請完成下列反應化學方程式,HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O,HCl + Ca(OH)2 =,H2SO4 + NaOH =,= CaSO4 + H2O,CaCl2 + H2O,Na2SO4 + H2O,H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2,2,2,2,2,2,水,鹽,鹽：由金屬離子或NH4+和酸根離子構成的化合物,一、中和反應：酸 + 堿鹽 + 水,學案練習2,0:00,0:01,0:02,0:03,0:04,0:05,0:06,0:07,0:08,0:09,0:10,0:11,0:12,0:13,0:14,0:15,0:16,0:17,0:18,0:19,0:20,0:21,0:22,0:23,0:24,0:25,0:26,0:27,0:28,0:29,0:30,0:31,0:32,0:33,0:34,0:35,0:36,0:37,0:38,0:39,0:40,0:41,0:42,0:43,0:44,0:45,0:46,0:47,0:48,0:49,0:50,0:51,0:52,0:53,0:54,0:55,0:56,0:57,0:58,0:59,1:00,1:01,1:02,1:03,1:04,1:05,1:06,1:07,1:08,1:09,1:10,1:11,1:12,1:13,1:14,1:15,1:16,1:17,1:18,1:19,1:20,1:21,1:22,1:23,1:24,1:25,1:26,1:27,1:28,1:29,1:30,1:31,1:32,1:33,1:34,1:35,1:36,1:37,1:38,1:39,1:40,1:41,1:42,1:43,1:44,1:45,1:46,1:47,1:48,1:49,1:50,1:51,1:52,1:53,1:54,1:55,1:56,1:57,1:58,1:59,2:00,2:01,2:02,2:03,2:04,2:05,2:06,2:07,2:08,2:09,2:10,2:11,2:12,2:13,2:14,2:15,2:16,2:17,2:18,2:19,2:20,2:21,2:22,2:23,2:24,2:25,2:26,2:27,2:28,2:29,2:30,2:31,2:32,2:33,2:34,2:35,2:36,2:37,2:38,2:39,2:40,2:41,2:42,2:43,2:44,2:45,2:46,2:47,2:48,2:49,2:50,2:51,2:52,2:53,2:54,2:55,2:56,2:57,2:58,2:59,3:00,3:01,3:02,3:03,3:04,3:05,3:06,3:07,3:08,3:09,3:10,3:11,3:12,3:13,3:14,3:15,3:16,3:17,3:18,3:19,3:20,3:21,3:22,3:23,3:24,3:25,3:26,3:27,3:28,3:29,3:30,時間到,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一概念鞏固與深化,下列反應中屬于中和反應的是( ) A、Zn + 2HCl = ZnCl2 +H2 B、CuO + 2HCl = CuCl2+ H2O C、Ba(OH)2+ H2SO4 = BaSO4 + 2H2O D、2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O,C,學案練習3,0:00,0:01,0:02,0:03,0:04,0:05,0:06,0:07,0:08,0:09,0:10,0:11,0:12,0:13,0:14,0:15,0:16,0:17,0:18,0:19,0:20,0:21,0:22,0:23,0:24,0:25,0:26,0:27,0:28,0:29,0:30,時間到,讀書,求知,做人,生成鹽和水的不一定是中和反應。,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一學以致用（1）,二、中和反應在實際中的應用,1、農業：改良土壤的酸堿性,農作物生長對于土壤的酸堿性有一定的要求，但近年來由于空氣污染形成酸雨，導致土壤酸性增強，不利于農作物的生長，應怎樣去改良酸性土壤？,用熟石灰改良酸性土壤。,自主閱讀P61并填寫學案中的相關表格,相較于與熟石灰，NaOH不實惠且腐蝕性更強。,問：是否可用NaOH代替熟石灰？,0:00,0:01,0:02,0:03,0:04,0:05,0:06,0:07,0:08,0:09,0:10,0:11,0:12,0:13,0:14,0:15,0:16,0:17,0:18,0:19,0:20,0:21,0:22,0:23,0:24,0:25,0:26,0:27,0:28,0:29,0:30,0:31,0:32,0:33,0:34,0:35,0:36,0:37,0:38,0:39,0:40,0:41,0:42,0:43,0:44,0:45,0:46,0:47,0:48,0:49,0:50,0:51,0:52,0:53,0:54,0:55,0:56,0:57,0:58,0:59,1:00,1:01,1:02,1:03,1:04,1:05,1:06,1:07,1:08,1:09,1:10,1:11,1:12,1:13,1:14,1:15,1:16,1:17,1:18,1:19,1:20,1:21,1:22,1:23,1:24,1:25,1:26,1:27,1:28,1:29,1:30,1:31,1:32,1:33,1:34,1:35,1:36,1:37,1:38,1:39,1:40,1:41,1:42,1:43,1:44,1:45,1:46,1:47,1:48,1:49,1:50,1:51,1:52,1:53,1:54,1:55,1:56,1:57,1:58,1:59,2:00,2:01,2:02,2:03,2:04,2:05,2:06,2:07,2:08,2:09,2:10,2:11,2:12,2:13,2:14,2:15,2:16,2:17,2:18,2:19,2:20,2:21,2:22,2:23,2:24,2:25,2:26,2:27,2:28,2:29,2:30,2:31,2:32,2:33,2:34,2:35,2:36,2:37,2:38,2:39,2:40,2:41,2:42,2:43,2:44,2:45,2:46,2:47,2:48,2:49,2:50,2:51,2:52,2:53,2:54,2:55,2:56,2:57,2:58,2:59,3:00,時間到,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一學以致用（2）,2、工業：處理工廠的廢水,（1）硫酸廠排出的廢水中含有硫酸等雜質，嚴重危害當地的生態環境，你會怎樣處理這些廢水呢？,用堿性物質（例如熟石灰）進行中和處理。,H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 + 2H2O,（2）印染廠的廢水中含有氫氧化鈉等雜質，怎樣處理？,用酸性物質（例如硫酸）進行中和處理。,H2SO4 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2H2O,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一學以致用（3）,3、醫療：治療胃酸過多,胃酸的主要成分是。已知某胃藥的主要成分氫氧化鋁。,鹽酸,氫氧化鋁能中和過多胃酸，你能寫出化學方程式嗎？,HCl + Al(OH)3 = AlCl3 + H2O,被蚊蟲叮咬后，涂一些含有堿性的物質的藥水。,此外，Mg(OH)2也可以起到類似效果。,4、生活：提高生活品質,2HCl + Mg(OH)2 = MgCl2 + 2H2O,3,3,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一知識拓展,改善生活：食醋去除皮蛋的澀味、食醋去除熱水壺上的水垢等等。,讀書,求知,做人,課題 2 酸和堿的中和反應課時一視頻結尾、培養興趣,讀書,求知,做人